capacitors
Capacitors store a bit of electrical energy and come in many types and varieties. Capacity is measured in terms of Farads named after the great scientist Michael Faraday. As farad is too large a value for most general applications, microfarads (mfd) and nanofarads (nf) are normally used in hobby and consumer applications.
Ceramic, polyester, paper, mica, and electrolytic capacitors are some of the types. A detailed discussion is left out here. Each type has distinctive features and qualities and capacities. Capacitors are marked with voltages at the maximum voltage they can operate. It is a good practice to use a capacitor rated at twice the operating the voltage. Capacitors above the range ofl mfd generally are electrolytics and are used such in these circuits. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized and marked on the can. They should be connected as per the polarity. Electrolytic capacitors of 25 V rating are used in the following circuits unless otherwise specified. Capacitors rated at higher voltages can be used in any of the circuits. Capacitors with higher capacity should not be used unless the implications are understood. Other capacitors normally rated at 30V are used in the following circuits unless otherwise specified.
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